In order to deeply explore the influence of the overlying coal column on the rock burst risk of the working face during mining. Taking the 40201 working face of Dafosi Coal Mine as the engineering background, the rock burst risk of factors such as coupling fault structure and working face square in the influence area of the overlying coal column overlying the protective layer mining was studied by theoretical analysis and on-site detection methods. The following conclusions are obtained: the mining of the protective layer is a good way to prevent the impact of ground pressure in the area, and the total energy of the microseismic events monitored by the 40201 working face during the initial mining process does not exceed 104J, and the total frequency does not exceed 100 times, which is at a low level, and the protective layer mining face is less affected by far-field dynamic load disturbance. The impact risk of the overlying coal column in the influence area of the overlying coal column of the mining of the protective layer is relatively high, and the stress concentration in the overlying residual coal column continues to be transmitted to the lower working face, which is coupled with the structural stress and abnormal roof activity caused by the fault structure in the mining surface and the square period, and the 40201 return air lane side has a higher impact risk than the transportation lane side. Up to now, the 40201 working face of Dafosi Mine has not experienced catastrophic impact when the residual coal column impact area is overlaid on the protective layer mining, which not only verifies the superiority of protective layer mining as a regional impact prevention method, but also provides a reference for the prevention of impact pressure in the same type of mine.